↑ Zettler (2003), p. 20. "Brinkman's chronology places Sargon's accession at 2334, his successors, Naram-Suen and Sharkalisharri, under whom the dynasty presumably collapsed, at 2254–2218 and 2217–2193, respectively, and the Third Dynasty of Ur at 2112–2004. however, Brinkman noted that if Hallo's 40 year Gutian interregnum is correct then the Dynasty of Akkade would have to be dated 2293–2113. The middle chronology, however, is under attack, with various scholars arguing strongly in favor of a low(er) chronology and for various reasons. Without going into detail, Boese has placed Sargon's accession at shortly after 2250 (1982), Gasche, Armstrong, Cole and Gurzadyan at 2200 (1998) and Reade at 2180 (2001), with the Third Dynasty of Ur moved according."
↑ Liverani (1993), p. 3. "The factual criticism is that empires existed even before Akkad: or more properly that the term and concept of 'empire' has been recently applied (on not worse grounds than in the case of Akkad) to other older cases, from the Uruk of the late-Uruk period to the Ebla of the royal archives, to the very state formations of the Sumerian south in the period called in fact 'proto-imperial'. In no case is the Akkad empire an absolute novelty [...] 'Akkad the first empire' istherefore subject to criticism not only as for the adjective 'first' but especially as for the noun 'empire'.
1 2 3 Schrakamp, Ingo (2013). “Sargon of Akkad and his dynasty”. Trong Bagnall, Roger S. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chicago: Blackwell. tr. 6045–6047. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24182.
1 2 Wall-Romana, Christophe (1990). “An Areal Location of Agade”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49 (3): 205–245. JSTOR546244. doi:10.1086/373442.
↑ Buccellati, Giorgio; Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn (2002). “Tar’am-Agade, Daughter of Naram-Sin, at Urkesh” (PDF). Trong Al-Gailani Werr, Lamia. Of Pots and Plans. Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday. London: Nabu. tr. 11–31. ISBN1897750625. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 3 năm 2015.
↑ Wiener, Malcolm H. (2014). “The Interaction of Climate Change and Agency in the Collapse of Civilizations ca. 2300–2000 BC”. Radiocarbon 56 (4): S1–S16. doi:10.2458/azu_rc.56.18325. Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |citeseerx= (trợ giúp)
↑ J. Oates (2004), pp. 5–8. "Following the destruction of the city sometime in the twenty-third century BC, Nagar was rebuilt by officials of the Akkadian Dynasty as a major centre of their provincial administration, a fact clearly attested in the cuneiform documents from this site."
↑ Pruß, Alexander (2004), “Remarks on the Chronological Periods”, trong Lebeau, Marc; Sauvage, Martin, Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia, Subartu 13, tr. 7–21, ISBN2503991203
↑ Foster, Benjamin R. (2013), “Akkad (Agade)”, trong Bagnall, Roger S., The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Chicago: Blackwell, tr. 266–267, doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah01005
